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Social Science

CONTENTS

  PAPERS
TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMS

IN-SERVICE EDUCATION



MODELS OF TEACHING
[Field Teaching and Field Study]

[The Group Investigation Model]

[Reflective Thinking (John Dewey)]

[Essentials of Social Science Education (U.S.A.)*]



LESSONS
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OBJECTIVES

The following passage is taken from the introductory paragraph of the Senior Secondary School Project Description (1995, p.1). This paragraph sets forth the agreed-upon goals for the improvement of senior secondary schools’ social science and civic education courses, relying heavily upon the quality and influence of in-service teacher training at the PPPG IPS dan PMP, Malang, and its linkages to teachers, schools, and educational agencies.

"The Project aims to assist the Government in improving the quality of general senior secondary education (SSE)…. Within this framework of objectives, the Project aims to reform the existing philosophy and approach to the teaching/learning process because it is recognized that, without such reform, Project inputs such as curriculum improvement, teacher training, facilities improvement, and instructional materials will not be fully effective. The Project approach is premised on the recognition, that to achieve quantum improvements in the quality of general SSE, a paradigm shift in the approach to teaching/learning process needs to be effected. It is recognized that such reform can only be achieved gradually; the Project aims to play a key role in starting the reform."

This focus on reform is reiterated in the Project Administration Memorandum (1995, p.1-2), with an emphasis upon the renewal of the PPPGs’ in-service teacher education function:

"…the Project aims to upgrade the standards of general senior secondary education and increase learning achievement of senior secondary education graduates though (i)

training and professionalization of teachers and upgrading of teacher training development centers (PPPGs)…. There is a need to address the mismatch between teachers and subjects taught, to upgrade and retrain teachers, to train them for the implementation of Curriculum 1994, and to reorient the PPPGs to their original mandate, namely to serve as centers of excellence for developing teacher training curricula, instructional materials, innovative teaching methodology, and training master teachers."




Learning Systems Institute